After his release in 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, antisemitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). In 1923, he attempted a coup d'état in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch. He joined the German Workers' Party (precursor of the NSDAP) in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. Hitler was at the center of Nazi Germany, World War II in Europe, and the Holocaust. He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany (as Führer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945. The government controlled artistic expression, promoting specific art forms and banning or discouraging others.Īdolf Hitler was an Austrian born German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party). Propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels made effective use of film, mass rallies, and Hitler's hypnotising oratory to control public opinion. Recreation and tourism were organised via the Strength Through Joy program, and the 1936 Summer Olympics showcased the Third Reich on the international stage. Career and educational opportunities for women were curtailed. Education focused on racial biology, population policy, and fitness for military service. The Christian churches were also oppressed, with many leaders imprisoned. Members of the liberal, socialist, and communist opposition were killed, imprisoned, or exiled. Opposition to Hitler's rule was ruthlessly suppressed. Millions of Jews and others deemed undesirable were persecuted and murdered in the Holocaust. The Germanic peoples (the Nordic race) were considered the purest of the Aryan race, and were therefore the master race. Racism, especially antisemitism, was a central feature of the regime. The return to economic stability boosted the regime's popularity. Extensive public works were undertaken, including the construction of Autobahns (high speed highways). In the midst of the Great Depression, the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy. The government was not a coordinated, co-operating body, but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler's favour. All power was centralised in Hitler's hands, and his word became above all laws. A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer (leader) of Germany. Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934, and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the powersand offices of the Chancellery and Presidency. The Nazi Party then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power. Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933. Nazi Germany ceased to exist after the Allied Forces defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.
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Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist totalitarian state which controlled nearly all aspects of life.
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Nazi Germany or the Third Reich was the period in the history of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP).